Browsing by Author "Prayag, Girish"
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- PublicationAirbnb and the Formal Accommodation Sector: Perceptions of Stakeholders(University of Canterbury, 2019-05-01)
- Understand the experience of being a host for Airbnb.
- Identify the challenges and opportunities posed by Airbnb as perceived by for the formal accommodation sector.
- Evaluate the economic performance of Airbnb vis a vis the formal accommodation sector.
- Identify any relationship between online customer comments and economic performance of Airbnb for the region.
- Compare the economic performance of Airbnb in the Canterbury region with other key regions in New Zealand.
- PublicationBeyond panic buying: consumption displacement and COVID-19(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020-07-17)
; Dyason, DavidPurpose - This study evaluates consumption displacement, the shift in consumption that occurs when consumers experience a change in the availability of goods, services and amenities to which they are accustomed as the result of an external event, and which is characterised by the points in space and time where consumption occurs and by the movements to, from, and between those points, that is occurring as a result of the effects of COVID-19 on the services sector in the Canterbury region of New Zealand.
Design/methodology/approach - Based on consumer spending data, the authors identify patterns of consumption displacement for the hospitality and retail sectors as defined by ANZSIC. We answer where, when, how, what and why consumption displacement happens.
Findings - The findings provide evidence of spatial and temporal displacement of consumption based on consumer spending patterns. Evidence of increased spending in some consumption categories confirms stockpiling behaviours. The hospitality sector experiences a sharp decline in consumer spending over lockdown.
Originality/value - Given the lack of studies analysing the impacts of crises and disasters on the services sector and consumption displacement, this study provides evidence of different forms of consumption displacement related to COVID-19. - PublicationEmployment Outcomes for Australian Tourism and Hospitality VET Graduates During the COVID-19 Pandemic(Taylor & Francis Inc, )
; ; The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted employment, education, and the vocational education and training (VET) sector across the worldwide economy. This study examines the impact of the pandemic on VET enrollment figures and employment outcomes for graduates in the travel and tourism industry in Australia using data from the Student Outcome Surveys conducted from 2018 to 2021. We seek to determine if the pandemic had a negative impact on enrollment and post-VET employment outcomes in the tourism and hospitality sector. The findings suggest that employment outcomes after training, tourism and hospitality graduates experienced a transitory decline in job prospects particularly during 2020 but recovered substantially during 2021. In the case of hospitality graduates, the probability of employment in 2021 exceeded pre-pandemic levels. We conclude that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on VET enrollments and employment outcomes in the tourism and hospitality sector have been less devastating than public perception would suggest.
- PublicationExploring CBD Retail Performance, Recovery and Resilience of a Smart City Following COVID-19
The city of Christchurch, New Zealand, incurred significant damage due to a series of earthquakes in 2010 and 2011. The city had, by the late 2010s, regained economic and social normalcy after a sustained period of rebuilding and economic recovery. Through the concerted rebuilding effort, a modern central business district (CBD) with redesigned infrastructure and amenities was developed. The Christchurch rebuild was underpinned by a commitment of urban planners to an open and connected city, including the use of innovative technologies to gather, use and share data. As was the case elsewhere, the COVID-19 pandemic brought about significant disruptions to social and economic life in Christchurch. Border closures, lockdowns, trading limitations and other restrictions on movement led to changes in traditional consumer behaviors and affected the retail sector's resilience. In this study, we used CBD pedestrian traffic data gathered from various locations to predict changes in retail spending and identify recovery implications through the lens of retail resilience. We found that the COVID-19 pandemic and its related lockdowns have driven a substantive change in the behavioral patterns of city users. The implications for resilient retail, sustainable policy and further research are explored.
- PublicationFreedom Campers in NZ: An Activity-Based Analysis of their Economic Contribution(2019)
; - PublicationFreedom CampingFreedom camping can be defined as the activity whereby tourists occupy an automobile or recreational vehicle (RV) as a mode of accommodation in an open or public space free of charge and in an unregulated fashion. It is also referred to as boondocking, dispersed camping, motor camping, off-site camping and wild camping in different parts of the world and undertaken by a wide range of domestic and international tourists.
- PublicationIntegrating MLP and 'after ANT' to understand perceptions and responses of regime actors to Airbnb(Routledge, )
- PublicationInternational Visitors' Perceptions of Sustainability in New Zealand and the Canterbury Region: Insights from UGC and IVSThis report has two sections. The first section presents the findings of an analysis of UGC from Trip Advisor and Expedia for the year 2013 to 2018 with the aim of identifying trends and patterns in the words that occur most frequently in online reviews on New Zealand and the Canterbury region. The second section presents an analysis of the environmental practice ratings in the IVS from 2014 to 2018.
- PublicationIs Gen Z really that different? Environmental attitudes, travel behaviours and sustainability practices of international tourists to Canterbury, New Zealand(Routledge, )
- PublicationPanic Buying and Consumption Displacement during COVID-19: Evidence from New ZealandPanic buying and hoarding behavior is a significant component of crisis- and disaster-related consumption displacement that has received considerable attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding such purchasing and stockpiling behavior provides critical information for government, disaster managers and the retail sector, as well as policy makers to adjust crisis response strategies and to better understand disaster management, including preparedness and response strategies. This study examines consumer purchasing behavior, retail spending and transactional data for different retail sectors between January 2017 and December 2020 using data for the greater Christchurch region in New Zealand. Once COVID-19-related panic buying began, overall spending increased sharply in anticipation of lockdowns. Transactional spending increased and subsided only slowly to a level higher than pre lockdown. The magnitude of the panic buying event far exceeded historical seasonal patterns of consumer spending outside of Christmas, Easter and Black Friday, although daily spending levels were comparable to such consumption events. The results of the study highlight the importance of comparing panic buying to other events in terms of purchasing motivations and also considering that so-called panic buying may contribute to greater individual and household resilience. The volume of sales alone is not adequate to define panic buying. Instead, the extent of divergence from the normal daily spending value per retail transaction of a given population provides a much more accurate characteristic of panic buying.
- Publication‘Pull’ motivation: an activity-based typology of international visitors to New ZealandUsing the push and pull framework, this study examines the relationship between tourist activities in New Zealand and behaviours such as tourist spending, travel style (group vs. independent travel) and length of stay. Data from the International Visitor Survey were analysed for a 19-year period (1997-2015). The findings, based on 62,288 respondents, identified 9 typologies of international visitors over this period. For example, type one visitors are primarily pulled by the nature-based activities offered in New Zealand while type two is pulled by adventure activities. Some of the typologies have activities that overlap reflecting the needs of international visitors. Significant relationships were found between the nine typologies, tourist spending, travel style and length of stay. Implications for destination marketing purposes are highlighted.
- PublicationSegmenting Visitors to New Zealand: An Activity-Based Typology: An AbstractWhile previous studies applying the push-pull framework have contributed to improve our understanding of the underlying motivation of visitors and their destination choice, these studies are based on cross-sectional data that offer a limited perspective of how motivation to visit a destination evolves overtime. There is currently no pooled cross-sectional study of either the push or pull factors of a destination. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the pull factors of a destination, New Zealand, over a 19-year period (1997-2015).
- PublicationTourism expenditure in post-earthquake Christchurch, New ZealandThis paper investigates whether tourism expenditure and exchange rates influence local GDP for the city of Christchurch (New Zealand), following the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes. Domestic and international expenditures are analysed separately using vector auto-regression (VAR) models. We perform Granger causality tests to determine the directionality of the relationships uncovered. Our results show that increased domestic and international visitor spending is followed by a measurable and significant increase in local GDP. Exchange rates have a small but non-significant impact on international tourist spending. Stimulating tourism demand will be an essential element to achieve substantial economic growth in Christchurch. The findings have implications for policy making in terms of promoting economic growth in disaster prone areas.
- PublicationThe tourism value of international freedom campers to New ZealandThis study evaluates the economic contribution of international freedom campers to New Zealand over the period 1997-2018. Using the International Visitor Survey (IVS) data, we categorise tourism activities undertaken by freedom campers as free, low value and high value and estimate whether over this period the proportion for each category increases or decreases. We also compare the economic value of the activities undertaken by freedom campers with those undertaken by tourists staying in commercial accommodation. The findings show that over the last 21 years, freedom campers have undertaken more free activities compared to those staying in hotels, motels and luxury accommodation. However, their uptake of high expense activities are similar to tourists staying in B&Bs or homestay, and camping/national park. Accordingly, this research note demystifies the perception that freedom campers are cheap tourists with nothing to contribute economically.
- PublicationThe Triple Blow Effect: Retailing in an Era of Disasters and Pandemics-The Case of Christchurch, New Zealand
In the last two decades, the retail sector has experienced unprecedented upheaval, having severe implications for economic development and sustenance of traditional inner-city retail districts. In the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, this effect has been exacerbated by a series of earthquakes in 2010/2011 which destroyed much of the traditional retail precinct of the city. After extensive rebuild activity of the city’s infrastructure, the momentum of retailers returning to the inner city was initially sluggish but eventually gathered speed supported by increased international visitation. In early 2020, the return to retail normality came to an abrupt halt after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses spending and transaction data to analyze the compounding impact of the earthquake’s aftermath, shift to online shopping, and the retail disruption in the Christchurch central retail precinct because of COVID-19. The findings illustrate how consumers through their spending respond to different types of external shocks, altering their consumption patterns and retail mode (offline and online) to cope with an ever-changing retail landscape. Each event triggers different spending patterns that have some similarities but also stark differences, having implications for a sustainable and resilient retail industry in Christchurch. Implications for urban retail precinct development are also discussed.
- PublicationUnderstanding international visitors' perceptions of sustainability of the Canterbury region from user generated content(Auckland University of Technology (AUT), 2020)
; Chen, ChrisDespite sustainability being a key concern in tourism studies, surprisingly few studies exist on international visitors' perceptions of destination sustainability. One of the difficulties in assessing studies of sustainability is that the concept is used in an inconsistent manner. With a tourism strategy that focuses on tourism growth that is productive, sustainable and inclusive, the tourism industry in New Zealand has put sustainability at the core of its destination strategy. However, there is little evidence to support whether international tourists are concerned about destination sustainability and if they are, which facets matter the most to them. These are the two research questions that this study attempts to answer. UGC from Trip Advisor and Expedia was analysed using keywords representing different facets of economic, socio-cultural and environmental sustainability for the Canterbury region. Based on 67181 online comments, the findings showed that price was the most pressing economic sustainability issue, while friendliness of staff and locals was the most mentioned socio-cultural sustainability issue. Recycling was among the words that were most often mentioned about hotels in online comments. Implications for destination management are offered. - PublicationWhen staying long enough is enough?(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-03)
; ; Gössling, StefanLength-of-stay is a critical variable of interest to tourism destinations as it influences spending (Barros & Machado, 2010) and resource use. While worldwide tourists are undertaking more shorter duration trips (Gössling, Scott, & Hall, 2018), existing studies suggest that length-of-stay is determined by destination attributes, tourist socio-demographic, and trip characteristics (Jackman, Lorde, Naitram, & Greenaway, 2020; Wang, Fong, Law, & Fang, 2018). Tourist budgets, available holiday time and activities, and accommodation related decisions are key determinants of length-of-stay, thus affecting expenditure (Barros & Machado, 2010; Hall, 2005; Jackman et al., 2020; Jacobsen, Gössling, Dybedal, & Skogheim, 2018).