Research has shown that the status of oral health has an association with general health of an individual. This means that if an individual suffers dental diseases, it is likely that the individual could also suffer other general health conditions. Similarly, research has shown that dental health is an important determinant of the health status of the individual.This means that an individual will feel sick and therefore will be unable to perform normal functions because of a dental disease. In addition, dental health improves the aesthetics, general profile and the outlook of the individual. All above indicate the importance of dental health care and social responsibility of any government to provide such dental care without any discrimination.

The development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) such as ITIC andY6 has greatly improved the efficiency of polymer solar cells. Therefore, focus should now shift towards the design of donor polymers with better compatibility with these NFAs to attempt to push efficiencies to higher levels. The indacenodithienothiophene (IDT) unit has up till now been typically incorporated into donor polymers for fullerene-based solar cells" however, the application of IDT-based polymers in NFA solar cells is rare. In order to increase the number of donor polymer candidates, we have synthesized two new polymers PIDT-T8BT and PIDT-T12BT conjugating IDT and perfluorinated benzothiadiazole moieties through octyl and dodecyl thiophene bridging units, respectively. These polymers were studied and revealed to be completely amorphous without aggregates, and their glass transition temperatures were distinct owing to the different lengths of the alkyl groups attached to the thiophene units. In addition, the length of the side groups greatly affects the solar cell performance. The longer dodecyl side groups in the polymer PIDT-T12BT resulted in a lower glass transition temperature and favorable thermal annealing conditions of the active layer blend with Y6. A promising power conversion efficiency of over 12% was achieved for PIDT-T12BT when paired with the Y6 acceptor and thermally annealed at 170 °C, which is the highest reported value so far for IDT-based donor polymers.

Background: Historically the voices of people with intellectual disability have been occluded by barriers imposed by research practice. More recently, adaptive research approaches have been proposed to enhance the inclusion of people with intellectual disability in qualitative research.

Method: This article presents an adaptive interviewing approach employed with five people ageing with intellectual disabilities in rural South Australia. The interviews were conducted within a broader participatory action research project in which tools and resources were co-designed for post-parental care planning.

Results: We describe our adaptive interviewing approach incorporating multiple methods: (i) responsive communication techniques; (ii) the inclusion and support of family carers; (iii) visual tools; (iv) walking interviews.

Conclusion: Findings contribute knowledge about how an adaptive interview approach supports the participation of people with an intellectual disability in qualitative research.

This paper discusses how a social psychology principle, the bystander effect, can help us determine whether elder abuse policy, guidelines, and learning materials aid general practitioners (GPs) to make decisions to intervene in suspected elder abuse cases. GPs are mandated to recognise, assess, understand, and manage elder abuse and neglect. However, research demonstrates that GPs do not consistently notice elder abuse signs, struggle to define cases as abusive, do not always recognise their professional responsibility to intervene, experience a lack of education about elder abuse response, and hold ethical concerns about damaging the GP / patient relationship by intervening. The professional bystander intervention model describes five steps to helping which mirror these GP challenges very closely: (1) noticing relevant cues; (2) construing the situation as suspected elder abuse; (3) deciding the situation is a personal responsibility; (4) knowing how to deal with the situation; and (5) deciding to intervene. Based on an analysis of key elder abuse sources, the authors illustrate five major themes from the data and focus on the central theme; separating intention to harm and carer stress when defining elder abuse. Our analysis reveals that the sources include information that may help GPs to define elder abuse, particularly when carer stress is present, however, their efficacy to do so may depend on the ability of individual GPs to separate these concepts

Many government medical officers in Sri Lan ka are expected by law to perform all medico-legal duties even though they may not get a practical exposure of all medico-legal functions in their undergraduate curriculum. District Medical Officer (DMO), Medical Officer In Charge (MO-IC), MO-Medico Legal are some non specialist positions in the Ministry of Health that perform med ico-legal functions. There are no formal training provided to these officers to perform medico-legal funct ions other than what they learnt in the undergraduate curriculum (Chandrasiri , 2002; Gooneratne and Edussuriya, 2007). There have been no studies to identify the varying medico-legal functions performed by non specialist medical officers in Sri Lanka. Therefore th is study was designed to understand the varying types, nature and extent of medicolegal duties non specialist medical officers perform in Sri Lanka and their training needs.

Antibacterial resistance is increasing at a time when few new antibacterial compounds are being discovered. Many of the most important antibacterial agents that have been discovered to date are natural products. Plants are avid producers of natural products which they use, among other reasons, to defend against microbial invaders. To tap into these plant defences, this study relied upon a screening platform which included general antimicrobial assays, a new and robust thin layer chromatography with bioautography protocol, phytochemical profiling, compound isolation tools such as flash chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for compound elucidation. The study revealed details of the phytochemistry and antibacterial potential of a number of plants, including Olearia fulgens and other species from the New England Tablelands of New South Wales, and several species from the genus Eremophila. More intensive work to uncover the antibacterial secondary metabolites of plants with bioactive extracts resulted in the discovery of previously undescribed compounds including a labdane glycoside, a serrulatic acid and clerodanes. The activity of isolated antibacterial compounds in this work supports a view that many plants generally produce poorly or moderately active secondary metabolites rather than compounds which are highly active. An additional output of the study was the creation of an extensive online phytochemical database of Eremophila. This tool was created to avoid rediscovering known compounds and to indicate which species had poorly describable phytochemical profiles and were thus worthy of further investigation. It is hoped that this database can now benefit other researchers in fields as diverse as ethnobotany, chemistry and taxonomy.