Ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are predators of aphid and psyllid species and are often released or encouraged into timber plantations as natural enemies of economic pests. Some temperate coccinellid species overwinter in mass aggregations; however, little is known about coccinellid aggregations in Australia. Aggregations of Harmonia conformis were observed only on stone walls of a camp shelter near Shelley, Victoria in July 2014. Publication of more observational records and dedicated surveys will determine if old stone walls and buildings in managed landscapes have the potential to provide overwintering habitat for natural enemies and other beneficial insects.

Carvalhotingis visenda (Hemiptera: Tingidae) is the first biological control agent approved for release against cat's claw creeper Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae) in Australia. The mass-rearing and field releases of C. visenda commenced in May 2007 and since then more than half a million individuals have been released at 72 sites in Queensland and New South Wales. In addition, community groups have released over 11,000 tingid-infested potted cat's claw creeper plants at 63 sites in Queensland. Establishment of C. visenda was evident at 80% of the release sites after three years. The tingid established on the two morphologically distinct 'long-pod' and 'short-pod' cat's claw creeper varieties present in Australia. Establishment was more at sites that received three or more field releases (83%) than at sites that received two or less releases (73%); and also at sites that received more than 5000 individuals (82%) than at sites that received less than 5000 individuals (68%). In the field, the tingid spread slowly (5.4 m per year), and the maximum distance of C. visenda incidence away from the initial release points ranged from 6 m to approximately 1 km.

Current research, management and outreach programmes relevant to insect pollinator conservation are strongly focused on relationships between pollinators and insect-pollinated crops and wild plants. Pollinators also visit wind-pollinated plants to collect pollen, or for nest sites and materials, but these interactions are largely overlooked. I review documented records of bee and syrphid fly species collecting pollen from wind-pollinated plant taxa, including economically important crops, and provide the most comprehensive collation of peer-reviewed records of pollinators visiting wind-pollinated plants to date. I argue for more basic research into functional relationships between insect pollinators and wind-pollinated plants. I found over 200 visitation records for 101 wind-pollinated plant genera in 25 families, including 4 of the 12 gymnosperm families. Almost half the records (49%) were for grasses and sedges (Poales). I also identified records of bees and/or syrphid flies visiting 10 economically important wind-pollinated crop plant species, including three major grain crops (rice, corn, and sorghum). Most records (70%) were from indirect pollen analysis from hives, nest cells or insect bodies, highlighting the need for more direct observational studies of plant-pollinator interactions. Insect pollinator communities require resource diversity to persist in a landscape. Hence, researchers and land managers aiming to identify links between pollinators and ecosystem function should also consider broader interactions beyond the standard traits of the entomophily syndrome.