Producers have the potential to improve both the welfare and productivity of sheep and cattle production systems by including body condition score (BCS) in the breeding program. The value of recording BCS is greatest in the breeding dam, with low BCS associated with poor reproduction and health. However, the value of BCS in breeding programs is not found in the weak positive genetic association with reproduction but because selection for BCS will improve the dam's ability to maintain condition throughout the production cycle and allow her to express her full genetic potential for reproduction.