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  • Publication
    An Annotated Bibliography on Justice and Legal Pluralism in Mindanao Briefing Paper No. 1: Ways for Women to Participate in Peacebuilding (Philippines)
    (Regulatory Institutions Network, Australian National University, 2015-01-01) ;
    Taylor, Veronica L

    Legal pluralism is a lived reality in Mindanao yet there are very few scholarly and practice-oriented works on the subject. The discourse on plural legal orders is a site of contestation among political interests both in Mindanao and within the Philippine state. The interests on 'alternative' modes of justice have been driven by both domestic and international initiatives on legal reform and access to justice. There is a need to deepen studies on legal pluralism in Mindanao, including more empirical studies on the functional administration of justice, the roles, backgrounds and motivations of justice providers and users, and the interaction or interdependency among the various normative orders within the local level and between the local and central state justice systems. The provision of effective justice among the people in Mindanao is a crucial task of post-conflict reconstruction that includes careful balancing and management of these complex plural legal systems.

  • Publication
    Death Penalty in the Philippines: Evidence on Economics and Efficacy
    (Ateneo School of Government, University of Manila, 2021-01) ;
    Mendoza, Ronald U
    ;
    Pizarro, Angelika Lourdes J
    ;
    Santiago, Ray Paolo J

    In his 5th State of the Nation Address (SONA) last July 27, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte called on Congress to swiftly pass the bill reinstating the death penalty, specifically for heinous drug-related crimes specified under the Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002. Pro-death penalty lawmakers and advocates in the Philippines have long argued that the death penalty will deter criminality. However, the literature suggests that there is still no clear and credible empirical evidence to back the argument that the death penalty is a crime deterrent. Furthermore, this paper examined the potential drivers of the growing death penalty support in the Philippines and the possible implications of reinstating the death penalty in the current state of the country's justice system and economy.

  • Publication
    Political Remittances on the Rise During Pandemic? Evidence From Survey Data on Overseas Filipino Workers
    (Ateneo School of Government, University of Manila, 2021-10) ;
    Mendoza, Gabrielle Ann S
    ;
    Mendoza, Ronald U
    ;
    Yap, Jurel

    Migrant workers are exposed to different governance conditions and economic, political and social institutions in their host countries (i.e. destination of work). There is growing evidence that these may also influence migrants (and their families' and communities') political behavior and choices. Under these conditions, migrants' perceptions of satisfaction with home country public services could be formed relative to their experience of public services in their host countries. There is a growing strand in the migration literature that considers these acts of transmitting political principles and expectations of governance practices as part of "political remittances". This study examines survey data on 248 Philippine migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to answer the question: Are overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) perceptions of Philippines' pandemic management influenced by their host countries' pandemic management response? Utilizing ordered logistic regression on survey responses of OFWs during the pandemic period spanning November 1 to December 7, 2020, this study finds evidence indicating that more successful pandemic management in the host country may trigger responses demanding improved pandemic management in the Philippines.

  • Publication
    Election-Related Violence in the Philippines: Trends, Targets, and Perpetrators
    (Ateneo School of Government, 2022-02-17) ;
    Ballar, Kier Jesse
    ;
    Refani, Renner Paul
    ;
    Yap, Jurel

    Election-related violence (ERV) is a recurring concern in the Philippines — one that strikes deep into the hearts of the country's democratic institutions. As such, a thorough analysis on the nature of ERVs in the country is necessary for the development of policies that combat such violence. While there has been a number of ERV studies post-Marcos, this is the first that looks at electoral violence data at both the individual and aggregate levels. This study examines incidences of Election-Related Violence (ERV) in the Philippines from 2013 to 2019 using a novel dataset, the ASOG ERV Database, constructed from online media reports. The findings highlight key characteristics of ERV in the Philippines from 2013 to 2019.

  • Publication
    Options for improved livestock activity data collection and management to support measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) in Ethiopia
    (CGIAR, 2021-10)
    Eshete, Shimels
    ;
    Tadesse, Million
    ;
    ;
    Wilkes, Andreas
    ;
    Solomon, Dawit

    To complement an ongoing CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) project 'Enhancing capacities for MRV of sustainable livestock action in East Africa (Kenya and Ethiopia)', which is implemented by UNIQUE forestry and land use, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) supported CCAFS to implement a Small Research Activity (SRA) entitled 'Building capacities for an integrated livestock MRV system in Ethiopia'. The objective of the SRA was to support Ethiopian stakeholders to improve the methods and procedures used to produce and manage the livestock activity data required for measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of greenhouse gases (GHG) in Ethiopia.

    This report summarizes the main results of the project's activities and the activity data collection and data management methods recommended for use in Ethiopia. These findings may be relevant to livestock MRV in other countries in East Africa and elsewhere.

    Section 1 explains the focus of the research activities on livestock activity data in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has identified livestock as a key subsector for GHG mitigation. An advanced livestock GHG inventory has been compiled using the Tier 2 method. However, some gaps remain in terms of data availability and data quality. The pilot activities were designed to fill those gaps, and thus enable Ethiopia to better quantify livestock GHG emissions and emission reductions in line with its national commitments on climate change.

    Section 2 describes the data collection tools and data management methods tested and the results. The data collection tools focused on collecting improved data on diet composition, milk yield and manure management activity data. A further pilot involved the Ethiopian Institute for Agricultural Research (EIAR) in analyses and communication of data.

    Section 3 highlights key recommendations for the adoption of the tools and data management activities evaluated by stakeholders. It also provides some reflections on the piloting process from the project team, which may provide some guidance for future piloting of MRV innovations elsewhere in East Africa.

    Section 4 presents the manual's purpose for each production system to guide data collection procedures. It extends to guidance and pilots' lessons learned on sampling, selection of participants, preliminary analysis, and other practical implementation issues. These enable scaling up of the use of the piloted tools to regional and national levels.