The Cambrian 'great appendage' arthropod 'Tanglangia' Luo and Hu in Luo et al., 1999, has until now been known from a single species from the Chengjiang biota of southwest China (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3). A new species from the Emu Bay Shale Konservat-Lagerstätte on Kangaroo Island, South Australia (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4), 'Tanglangia rangatanga' sp. nov., extends the geographic and stratigraphic ranges of this genus and amplifies the biogeographic links between non-biomineralised faunas from the early Cambrian of Australian East Gondwana and the South China Plate.