Among the profound challenges related to family law and child custody conflict has been the impact of globalization on the consequences to children from marriage and divorce, and nonmarried parental separation. Most nations implemented family justice courts decades ago where one judge, within an adversarial fact-finding system, applied that nation's variation on the "best interests of the child" factors to parents who resided in that country with their child. As child custody conflict and removal of a child without consent from both parents became more transnational in the 1970s, the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Convention) was developed and eventually adopted by 1980. By treaty, signatory nations consent to a process which utilizes each nation's family justice courts as the means for the return of children to their "habitual residence." This article, however, argues that the Convention may not have originally bound Indigenous groups, with their own treaties and contracts, within nation-states. Even if the Convention was binding on Indigenous populations within nation-states, the Convention should protect fundamental and human rights established by the signatory nation, including protecting culture and language. For purposes of this analysis, this paper examines the 2022 New Zealand trial court opinion, Mercer v. Mercer.

This study explores whether Malaysian student career awareness interventions whilst still in secondary school, that focus on career maturity and their readiness for the evolving job market, effectively prepares them for employment success. Recognising the importance of aligning career choices with interests and skills, the paper examines the impact of these interventions. However, despite growing interest, there remains a gap in understanding the actual impact of these career interventions for Malaysian students transitioning out of secondary education. Using Scopus Analyzer, academic paperswere analysed considering publication trends, authorship, citations, and key topics. The paper aimed to highlight research trends and patterns, identify research gaps, and offer insights for future studies. Ultimately, this research seeks to clarify whether the career awareness interventions prior to Malaysian students transitioning to the workforce genuinely enhance their career choice, maturity, and success.

Digital transformation is a process in which the latest technologies are used in various business fields to keep pace with continuous changes. It involves the strategic and profound integration of digital technologies into an organization’s core business operations, processes, and models. In this study, a quantitative approach was used to study the impact of DT adoption on public sector transformational change projects in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The diffusion of innovation theory (DIT) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model (UTAUT) were used in the factor analysis. This study highlights that digital transformation initiatives in the UAE have benefited from a strategic alignment with government initiatives, such as AI and blockchain strategies. However, public sector organizations face challenges, such as the high costs of technology adoption and cybersecurity risks during integration with legacy systems. The significance of social influence, including elements like use behavior and behavioral intention, was identified as essential for digital transformation, suggesting the importance of technology in job performance. Similarly, digital transformation projects improve IT competence and reduce resistance to change among leaders and individuals. The findings underscore the importance of investing in infrastructure and continuous IT training to sustain digital transformation. More studies are required across specific sectors to further explore the impact and scalability of DT initiatives in the UAE public sector.

Carbazole-based molecules play a significant role in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to their advantageous properties. Carbazole derivatives are known for their thermal stability, high hole-transport capability, electron-rich (p-type) characteristics, elevated photoconductivity, excellent chemical stability, and commercial availability. This review focuses on DSSCs, including their structures, working principles, device characterization, and the photovoltaic performance of carbazole-based derivatives. Specifically, it covers compounds such as 2,7-carbazole and indolo[3,2-b]carbazole, which are combined with various acceptors like benzothiadiazole, thiazolothiazole, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and quinoxaline, as reported over the past decade. The review will also outline the relationship between molecular structure and power-conversion efficiencies. Its goal is to summarize recent research and advancements in carbazole-based dyes featuring a D-π-A architecture for DSSCs. Additionally, this review addresses the evolution of carbazole-based hole-transport materials (HTMs), which present a promising alternative to the costly spiro-OMeTAD. We explore the development of novel HTMs that leverage the unique properties of carbazole derivatives to enhance charge transport, stability, and overall device performance. By examining recent innovations and emerging trends in carbazole-based HTMs, we provide insights into their potential to reduce costs and improve the efficiency of DSSCs.

This study reports the gas-phase homolytic P–H BDEs of a set of 30 phosphine-type oxides (i.e., R¹R²P(=O)H) obtained using the W1w thermochemical protocol. We note that the P–H BDEs (at 298 K) of the species in this dataset differ by as much as 157.2 kJ mol^–1, with (H₂B)₂P(=O)H having the lowest BDE (249.3 kJ mol^–1) and F₂P(=O)H having the highest (406.5 kJ mol^–1). Furthermore, using the full set of 30 all-electron, non-relativistic, vibrationless bottom-of-the-well W1w P–H BDEs as reference values, we have identified several well-performing DFT methods that could be applied to the computation of the P–H BDEs of phosphine-type oxides. The best-performing DFTs (in conjunction with the A'VTZ basis set) were shown to be MN12-SX (MAD = 1.7 kJ mol^–1) and MN12-L (MAD = 2.7 kJ mol^–1).