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- Publication(0,2) deformations of linear sigma models
We study (0,2) deformations of a (2,2) supersymmetric gauged linear sigma model for a Calabi-Yau hypersurface in a Fano toric variety. In the non-linear sigma model these correspond to some of the holomorphic deformations of the tangent bundle on the hypersurface. Combinatorial formulas are given for the number of these deformations, and we show that these numbers are exchanged by mirror symmetry in a subclass of the models.
- Publication1,2-Borotropic shifts and B-N bond cleavage reactions in molybdenum hydrotris(3-isopropylpyrazolyl)borate chemistry: Mixed-valence MoVIMo₂V and pyrazole-rich oxo-MoIV complexes(Elsevier BV, 2009)
; Young, CGRed-black [TpiPr*MoVO]₂(μ-O)(μ-MoVIO4) (1, TpiPr* = hydrobis(3-isopropylpyrazolyl)(5-isopropylpyrazolyl)borate) has been isolated as a by-product in the synthesis of NEt4[TpiPrMo(CO)3] (TpiPr = hydrotris(3-isopropylpyrazolyl)borate) and characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic techniques. The trinuclear, mixed-valence complex contains two distorted octahedral anti-TpiPr∗MoVO centers bridged by bent oxo (Mo-O-Mo av. 158.7°) and tetrahedral κO,κO'-molybdate ligands. The complex contains a six-membered, non-planar Mo3(μ-O)3 core and two 1,2-borotropically-shifted TpiPr* ligands (with the shifted pyrazolyl trans to MoV=O). Aerial decomposition of solid NEt4[TpiPrMo(CO)3] produces sky-blue, diamagnetic TpiPrMoO(iPrpz)(iPrpzH) (2, iPrpz⁻ = 3-isopropylpyrazolate, iPrpzH = 3-isopropyl-2H-pyrazole). Molecules of 2 feature a tridentate fac-TpiPr ligand and mutually cis terminal oxo (MoO = 1.665(2) Å) and monodentate iPrpz− and iPrpzH ligands. The latter are formed by B-N bond cleavage of TpiPr. The complex can also be synthesized by reacting NEt4[TpiPrMo(CO)3] with excess 3-isopropylpyrazole and dioxygen at 100 °C. Cleavage of the B-N bond(s) of TpiPr was also observed in the formation of TpiPrMoO(SPh)(iPrpzH) (3) as a by-product in the synthesis of TpiPrMoO₂(SPh). In the monohydrate, 3 exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry defined by a tridentate fac-TpiPr ligand and mutually cis terminal oxo (MoO = 1.676(3) Å) and monodentate SPh⁻ and iPrpzH ligands. The pyrazole β-NH group is observed to participate in a hydrogen-bond to the lattice water molecule. The complex can be synthesized in high yield by reducing TpiPrMoO₂(SPh) by HSPh or PPh3 in the presence of excess 3-isopropylpyrazole. - Publication1,4-dihydroxy quininib attenuates growth of colorectal cancer cells and xenografts and regulates the TIE-2 signaling pathway in patient tumours(Impact Journals LLC, 2019)
; Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer associated deaths in developed countries. Cancer progression and metastatic spread is reliant on new blood vasculature, or angiogenesis. Tumour-related angiogenesis is regulated by proand anti-angiogenic factors secreted from malignant tissue in a stepwise process. Previously we structurally modified the small anti-angiogenic molecule quininib and discovered a more potent anti-angiogenic compound 1, 4 dihydroxy quininib (Q8), an antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 with VEGF-independent bioactivity. Here, Q8, quininib (Q1) and five structural analogues were assayed for anti-tumorigenic effects in pre-clinical cancer models. Q8 reduced clone formation of the human colorectal cancer cell line HT29-Luc2. Gene silencing of CysLT1 in HT29-Luc2 cells significantly reduced expression of calpain-2. In human ex vivo colorectal cancer tumour explants, Q8 significantly decreased the secretion of both TIE-2 and VCAM-1 expression. In vivo Q8 was well tolerated up to 50 mg/kg by Balb/C mice and significantly more effective at reducing tumour volume in colorectal tumour xenografts compared to the parent drug quininib. In tumour xenografts, Q8 significantly reduced expression of the angiogenic marker calpain-2. In summary, we propose Q8 may act on the TIE-2-Angiopoietin signalling pathway to significantly inhibit the process of tumour angiogenesis in colorectal cancer.
- Publication1-(Acyloxy)benzotriazoles: Useful Reagents for the Regioselective Acylation of DiolsAcylated derivatives of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) have been widely used as reactive intermediates in a variety of one-pot, bond forming reactions. Isolable benzotriazole 'esters' 1-(benzoyloxy)benzotriazole (1-BBTZ, 1) and 1-(acetoxy)benzotriazole (2) are also useful reagents for the regioselective acylation of diols and partially protected carbohydrates (Fig. 1).[¹] 1-(Acyloxy) benzotriazoles 1 and 2 can be conveniently prepared by a carbodiimide-promoted condensation of HOBt,[²] or via the corresponding acyl chloride.[¹]
- PublicationA 10-Year Plan for quality living for people with disabilities and their carers(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2015)
- Publication1080 aerial baiting for the control of wild dogs and its impact on spotted-tail quoll ('Dasyurus maculatus') populations in eastern AustraliaTo further investigate the non-target impact of baiting using sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080) to control wild dogs, a population of radio-collarared spotted-tailed quolls was subject to an experimental aerial baiting exercise. The trial was conducted at a site on the New England Tablelands, New South Wales, without a recent history of that practice. Sixteen quolls were trapped and radio-collared before baiting. Fresh meat baits were delivered from a helicopter at a rate of 10-40 baits km⁻¹. In addition to 1080 (4.2mg), each bait contained the bait marker rhodamine B (50mg), which becomes incorporated into growing hair if an animal survives bait consumption. Two quoll mortalities were recorded following aerial baiting. Both quolls died 3-5 weeks after baiting when baits, on average, retained little 1080. None of the carcasses contained traces of 1080, but the test result is less reliable for the quoll that was found 19 days after its death although tissue was well preserved because of the cool weather. Nevertheless, given that this animal died 34 days after bait delivery, it appears likely that none of the raido-collared quolls succumbed to baiting. In contrast, vibrissae samples collected from 19 quolls captured after the baiting showed that 68% had eaten baits and survived. Furthermore, multiple bait takes were common, with up to six baits consumed by one female. The results demonstrate that most, if not all, quolls survived the baiting trial, including those that consumed dog baits. Hence bait consumption figures 'per se' are not indicative of mortality rates attributable to poisoning.
- Publication1200 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from the rumen of African cattle and their relevance in the context of suboptimal feeding(BioMed Central Ltd, 2020-09-03)
; ; Robert, ChristelleBackground:The Boran (Bos indicus), indigenous Zebu cattle breed from subSaharan Africa, is remarkably well adapted to harsh tropical environments. Due to financial constraints and low-quality forage, African livestock are rarely fed at 100% maintenance energy requirements (MER) and the effect of sub-optimal restricted feeding on the rumen microbiome of African Zebu cattle remains largely unexplored. We collected 24 rumen fluid samples from six Boran cattle fed at suboptimal and optimal MER levels and characterised their rumen microbial composition by performing shotgun metagenomics and de novo assembly of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). These MAGs were used as reference database to investigate the effect of diet restriction on the composition and functional potential of the rumen microbiome of African cattle.
Results: We report 1200 newly discovered MAGs from the rumen of Boran cattle. A total of 850 were dereplicated, and their uniqueness confirmed with pairwise comparisons (based on Mash distances) between African MAGs and other publicly available genomes from the rumen. A genome-centric investigation into sub-optimal diets highlighted a statistically significant effect on rumen microbial abundance profiles and a previously unobserved relationship between whole microbiome shifts in functional potential and taxon-level associations in metabolic pathways.
Conclusions: This study is the first to identify 1200 high-quality African rumen specific MAGs and provides further insight into the rumen function in harsh environments with food scarcity. The genomic information from the rumen microbiome of an indigenous African cattle breed sheds light on the microbiome contribution to rumen functionality and constitutes a vital resource in addressing food security in developing countries.
- Publication13 Reasons Why and Netflix's commercial imperative: Disrupting screen portrayals of mental illness and suicide in AustraliaExamining the global media controversy and debates surrounding the first season of the Netflix series 13 Reasons Why (2017-present), this article focuses on the Australian context and identifies key issues in these debates through a discussion of current media guidelines for responsible portrayals of mental illness and suicide. The article presents a survey of media and academic responses to 13 Reasons Why, including contributions from people with a lived experience of mental illness and suicide. It argues that the way forward for screen portrayals of mental illness and suicide is for screen producers to collaborate with mental health organizations in the development and exhibition of these stories.
- Publication150 years of mammal extinction and invasion at Koonchera Dune in the Lake Eyre Basin of South AustraliaKoonchera Dune is a prominent sand ridge fringed by a complex of ephemeral swamps and open plains on the edge of Sturt Stony Desert, northeastern South Australia. In 1931 mammalogist Hedley Herbert Finlayson rediscovered the desert rat-kangaroo or ngudlukanta (Caloprymnus campestris) here, and also captured lesser bilby or yallara (Macrotis leucura), bilby (Macrotis lagotis), and plains mouse (Pseudomys australis). This was the last time any of these mammals were recorded at Koonchera; ngudlukanta and yallara are globally extinct, the bilby is extinct on mainland South Australia, and the plains mouse is listed as vulnerable throughout its diminishing range. Prior to these and other recent extinctions totalling a minimum six species, we estimate that Koonchera supported at least 24 native mammals. In 2018 and 2019 we surveyed mammals here, detecting 11 native mammals including three rare or threatened species: fawn hopping mouse (Notomys cervinus), dusky hopping mouse (N. fuscus), and long-haired rat (Rattus villosissimus). We also detected seven introduced species, including feral cat (Felis catus), fox (Vulpes vulpes), European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and feral pig (Sus scrofa). Physically, Koonchera and the Lake Eyre Basin region is much the same as Finlayson would have found it in 1931, but our work shows a proliferation of feral and introduced species and a decline of native mammals, especially medium-sized Critical Weight Range (CWR) species. If Koonchera and the surrounding landscape is to hold on to its remaining native mammal diversity, coordinated management of threats, principal of which is predation by cats and foxes, and impacts on vegetation and soil from a host of introduced herbivores, is required.
- Publication15th Comparative Education World Congress 2013: New times, new voicesIn June 2013, Buenos Aries, capital of Argentina, was the venue for the 15th World Congress of Comparative Education Societies (WCEES), attended by more than 1000 delegates from 80 countries. The Conference location was the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of University of Buenos Aries, in the heart of the city sometimes referred to as the Paris of Latin America. The Conference languages were English and Spanish, with excellent simultaneous translation provided in plenaries by students from the university. Each day began and ended with a panel discussion in plenary session. Of these, the standout one for me was entitled 'Fifty Years After Angicos - Paulo Freire, Popular Education and the Struggle for a Better World that is Possible'. For an hour and a half, several speakers who had worked with Paulo Freire used the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his first literacy campaign in Brazil to reflect on his work and legacy. One of the panellists was Professor Anne Hickling-Hudson from QUT, who worked with Freire in the Grenadan literacy campaign just prior to the US invasion in 1983. This panel generated spirited discussion, capturing some of the vibrancy of the popular education tradition in Latin America today.
- Publication19 Crimes and Mugshot Branding: Reappropriating Convict Narratives to Sell Crime, Criminals and ExperiencesIn 2011 a Californian company launched 19 Crimes -- an Australian-made wine range whose labels displayed images of convicts and wine corks imprinted with one of ‘19 crimes’ that was punishable by transportation to Australia. Since its introduction to the market, 19 Crimes have marketed their product widely, adopting a variety of immersive and entertaining strategies, including developing Augmented Reality (AR) experiences for each of their labels. This article examines 19 Crimes’ selection of, mainly, Fenian convicts and the narratives presented to consumers through AR experiences to promote convict imagery and notions of ‘rule breaking’. From the analysis it is clear that a form of cultural hijacking has occurred, where convict images and stories celebrate rule breakers and success stories. Through this process, the traditional, State owned ‘mugshot’ has become a popular culture spectacle that is commodified for the purposes of entertainment and, essentially, encouraging ongoing consumer practices.
- Publication1D Self-Assembly and Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity of Antifreeze Glycopeptide-Functionalized Perylene Bisimides(Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, 2018)
; - Publication(+)-(1R,2S,3R)-2-[(Benzyloxycarbonyl)methyl]-3-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid(John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2007)
; - Publication2-(4-Iodophenoxy)acetamideThe molecule of the title compound, C8H8INO₂, amide-typical resonance shortens the nominal C-N single bond to 1.322 (7) Å. In the crystal, hydrogen bonds involving both nitrogen-bound H atoms as well as C-H···O contacts connect the molecules into double layers approximately perpendicular to the crystallographic b axis. No π-stacking is apparent in the crystal structure.
- Publication20 Year Snap-Shot of the Developments in the Regulation of Small CorporationsThis paper explored the history of the regulation of corporate bodies through State and Commonwealth systems beginning in 1989 that resulted in the development of the legislation impacting on small proprietary company for over 20 years. The introduction of the Corporate Governance Principles for listed companies by the Australian Securities Exchange added another layer of regulation intended to promote transparency and accountability. Research into corporate governance in small companies showed that, in contrast to opinions about the US Legislation, very few Australian companies expressed negative views about corporate governance regulation. The most recent addition to corporate governance regulation has been the expectation that companies have a responsibility for corporate social responsibility. This was illustrated by the James Hardy Industries case.
- Publication20,000 years of societal vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in southwest Asia(John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2019-03)
- PublicationA 20-year study of mathematics achievementMonitoring educational changes over many years is problematic when there are differences in curricula, the nature of the variables being measured, and the selection of participants. Rasch measurement techniques provide a procedure that enables each of these issues to be examined. Using archived and specially collected data, tests of numeracy undertaken in Tasmania over a 20-year period, from 1978 to 1997, were equated and mapped onto the same continuum through a combination of common item and common person equating. Examination of fit to the model showed that the nature of the measured construct had not changed over this period. Although test difficulty appears to have risen over the period, student achievement was relatively unchanged. The implications of these findings for longitudinal studies of achievement are discussed.
- PublicationThe 2004 Tsunami in Penang, Malaysia: Early Mental Health Intervention(Sage Publications, Inc, 2012)
- Publication2005 Eldershaw Memorial Lecture: Tasmania and the Multiplicity of NationsI want to start by saying something about the history of Australian history. There is a general idea, I think, that interest in the Australian past is mainly a product of the federation yem's and since. In other words, Australians tend to believe that no-one paid any attention to the history of Australia until about the 1880s and '90s. We have the impression that the birth of a national historiography, or historical sensibility, was marked by the publication of the Historical Records of New South Wales, the Historical Records of Australia and Rusden's three-volume History, by the crystallisation of 'the Australian Legend', and by the erection of all those statues which today so powerfully remind us of high Victorian pieties and aspirations. It seems to make sense that there should have been no feeling for history in this country until we were in a position to think of Australia as a single nation: one community with a single past and future.
- PublicationThe 2007 Early Iranian Metallurgy Workshop at the University of NottinghamThis article summarises the papers presented at a workshop on the early metallurgy of Iran, held in the Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham, in September 2007. The fourteen presentations from scholars based in Iran, Europe, and the USA summarise newly collected data and contextualise recent archaeometallurgical research on an Iran-wide scale. Issues addressed include early copper smelting, artefact alloying and fabrication, tin mining, early silver production, and technology transfer. It is hoped that the Nottingham workshop will help to promote and direct further research into this subject.