Since 1980, Ethiopia has been struggling to feed its growing population, despite the fact that agriculture is the mainstay of its economy. A number of government initiatives aimed at raising food production and ensuring national food security have made little progress in achieving their objectives. This paper identifies some of the implications of the new agricultural intensification programme, focusing on the technical efficiency and productivity of maize growers in the Harari region of Ethiopia for food insecurity and agricultural development policies. The paper concludes that there is scope to improve the technical efficiency of maize farmers and enhance their socioeconomic situation in the Harari region.